Back to the quilt.  Back to the quilt.

We've been pondering why it's not been easy to match ancestors to existing genealogies.  We're thinking sometimes it's been fashionable to have strong ties to nationality and sometimes it's not, so there were eras in history when whole families were generally cited as Protestant as opposed to having specific denominations.  Or, it was more acceptable to be "Dutch" than from a specific place in the changing landscape of Germany.  Plus, details of family story got lost along the way and most people only knew vague tidbits about their roots.

Baldwin's Candee Genealogy suggests that all Candee/Candy in North America come from Zaccehus Cande in Connecticut, New Haven colony minted into the West Haven parish to be more exact, and that this Cande came from Conde most likely in Holland and most likely French Huguenot.  But that doesn't exactly add up in the cousin book.  Following our direct ancestors back from ourselves we get to Dutch back somewhere in the 1700's and possibly just a little before the 18th century in the Jersey area.

Perhaps Baldwin got lost somewhere in the Hackensack River Valley too, not unlike the non-Catholic Christians pre-New Milford.  For it was in there that Jersey's Dutch stronghold had a blow out with a permanent settler (perhaps "the first" which is what a lot of history vies to be) who happened to be a French Huguenot who objected to helping support the Dutch Reformed Church in New York.

David Des Marest took his dutchness UP the Hackensack River in 1677 and claimed about five thousand acres at New Milford.  1677...that was before Frelinghuysen came from Germany in 1720 to serve four congregations of mostly Dutch church members in the Raritan Valley between Somerville and New Brunswick.  He had some "new ideas" which most of the Dutch people on the other side of the sermon were unwilling to accept.  Theodore was accused of being an impassioned revivalist because he called for an "understandable faith."  The same kind of evangelicalism that influenced the founding of both now-Princeton and now-Rutgers.  Jersey had two of the only nine colleges founded in the colonies before the Revolution.

It wasn't the Reverend Theodore Frelinghuysen who got all caught up in the tooth for tooth between the Lenni Lenape (united with other mostly non-woodland tribes) and the Stuyvesant led stronghold.  That seems to have come to ahead some sixty-some years before Frelinghuysen was preaching reforms like...a little less revenge on the heart might help one get to heaven.

In 1971, Cunningham reported that the long road from Esopus was "destined soon to disappear beneath the waters of the proposed Tocks Island Reservoir" (32).  That was the old mining road connecting the coppah to Holland with not much informing Stuyvesant of the cargo.  Same road old John Adams used as a short cut between Philadelphia and his home in Massachusetts.  I bet the shade there was a matter of some degrees difference in heat.

In 1971 the Boy Scouts owned some camping land that was said to sport the entrance to the ancient-for-America Pahaquarry mine.  But don't tell Old Peg Leg.

In 1713 the population of the twelve colonies was abt 360,000.

By 1760 the population had exploded to four times as much...over one and half million.  And the area of settlement had tripled since 1713.

Aside from river settlements and sporadic mining camps, frontiersmen who'd been leaving small footprints in the pristine wilderness, and the thirteen families who founded "Germantown," Pennsylvania in 1683, German settlement in colonial North America really commenced with the arrival of "Palatines" in 1709.  These mostly settled in the colony of New York.

The winter of 1708-09 was credited as the worst in Europe in more than a century.  Angus Baxter, in the book In Search of Your German Roots:  A Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in the Germanic Areas of Europe tells us that the October-April of that winter proved a "total disaster."

"Palatine" really only applied to people from the Palatinate area of the Rhineland (now called Rheinland-Pfalz) but it was also used to describe people from Baden, Bavaria (Bayern), Alsace (Elsass), Hesse (Hessen) and Wurttemberg.

In late 1708 and into 1709 "Palatines" started to arrive in London, England via Rotterdam. 


Many of those on the move were prepared to keep on journeying all the way to North America as representatives of "Pennsylvania" and the Carolina colonies had been active in the Rhineland...advertising good land and low taxes.  In 1681, William Penn himself had visited the Rhineland and distributed leaflets offering land in Pennsylvania at a price of two English pounds per 100 acres (Baxter).

Meanwhile, the English government was trying to contend

with thousands of refugees pouring into temporary camps

and other temporary housing in London.

There were some 3000 protestants persuaded

to move to Ireland.

By January 1710, more than 2000 of these had settled in County Limerick

& County Dublin.

John Wesley, founder of Wesleyan religious movement visited County Limerick

in 1760 and found a German settlement at Killiheen (20 miles south of Limerick);

another at Ballybarane;

and a 3rd at Court Mattrass (a mile from Killiheen).

In England, the refugees were being accused of draining resources, stealing jobs,

and bringing plague and pestilence to the Mothercountry.

From the Fatherland the people flocked...the migration was part dispersion, part hearty hope for a future.

1708...
Reverend Joshua Kochertal arrives in North America after a nine week voyage at sea that started in mid-October.  There were 41 people from Landau who were joined by 14 more from Landau and these decided to settle on the Hudson River in the New York colony at a settlement named Newburgh.

By mid-summer 1709:

Palatines arriving at Rotterdam

at a rate of 1000 per week;

many of these were shipped to England

on transport ships that "had brought soldiers over to the Netherlands

to fight in the War of Spanish Succession" (Baxter, 53).

September 1709--English worried about the number of Catholics

among the refugees and +/-3000 were sent back to the Rhineland

with a parting gift of 5 Dutch Guilders

January 1710

+/- 600 Palatines left for the Carolinas

Settlement of New Bern

By April another 3000 sailed for New York.

About 1800 of these settled on the Hudson

+/- 90 miles north of NYC;

the rest stayed in "the City."

Settlements at Albany

Schenectady

Schoharie on the Mohawk

Between 1712 and 1717 many settlers crossed into Pennsylvania.

Governor Spotswood and his "gay cavalcade" of

the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe

explored the Shenandoah Valley.

This opened up large sections of the Valley

and the Piedmont to settlement.

The Carolinas population increased sixteen fold from 1713-1760.

These pushed from the Tidewater to the Piedmont.

Others roaming around North America found Indian Trails and Mining Cart-Paths,

Military-Style Fort Treads, Natural Gaps, and a rather quiet "abandonment" of cultivation and homestead.

"Even by 1720 so much land had been taken up by these methods 

that the only recourse for a poor man 

who had not the wherewithal to satisfy a land speculator, 

was to 'squat' without leave on Crown or proprietary land;

and if he did not move on to repeat the process, 

selling out his improvements to a later comer

who had the means to pay, his descendants

had to wait until the Revolution

to secure a good title" (Growth of the American Republic,

Morison and Commager).

Back in the Fatherland...

Empresses and the impressed were being indentured and subjected to various population changes and proclamations.

This appeared largely as "civil disturbances" (like pillage, rape, starvation, fighting, and death).

Frederick the Great "of Prussia" (1740-1786) settled his areas with farmers.

Catharine the Great "of Russia" (1762-1796) made efforts to invite people with skills of any kind to Russia.  These settlements were often unprotected against frequent attacks by the Ottoman Turks.

In North America, colonial pioneers were so angered by

the Quakers' refusal to allow them to use firearms

for protection

many of them left the Pennsylvania area.